Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the UK, with almost 48,000 women and about 300 men diagnosed every year. About one in eight women in the UK will develop breast cancer at some stage during their life, but thanks to better awareness, treatments and screening, more women than ever are surviving breast cancer in the UK.

A study in this week’s Journal of the National Cancer Institute, reveals that scientists have discovered the first direct association between genetically determined levels of estrogen in younger women and the risk of breast cancer. Researchers discovered an alteration in a gene, which affects the breakdown of estrogen and is also related to a modest reduction in breast cancer risk in pre-menopausal women.
It is widely known that sex hormones like estrogen play an important role in breast cancer development. According to previous studies, post-menopausal women with higher levels of particular hormones are more likely to develop breast cancer, although evidence that is directly linked to pre-menopausal women has so far proven to be inconsistent.

A USC research team has pinpointed the source of a genetic disorder that causes life-threatening birth defects, which may allow doctors to quickly diagnose and better treat the disease.
Babies born with the disorder, known as Loeys-Dietz syndrome or Marfan syndrometype II, have cleft palates and other facial characteristics similar to babies born with other diseases – but also happen to suffer potentially fatal heart defects, making it critical for them to receive an accurate diagnosis right away.
Researchers from USC found an abnormally high amount of a protein known as Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-ß) outside of cells – which may be revealed by a blood or tissue test – in patients with characteristic facial defects is a key indicator of Loeys-Dietz.

There are two types of pregnancy tests one is the blood test where as the other one is the urine pregnancy test. The blood test needs to be taken at the doctor’s clinic where as the urine pregnancy test can be taken at home with the help of a Home Pregnancy Test (HPT) that is available in the market. Both these tests check the human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) level of hormone in the blood as well as in the urine.
Pregnancy test works by detecting a certain pregnancy hormone called as the human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) that is secreted by the placenta which develops after the egg gets implanted in the uterus. The process of implantation is that the fertilized egg travels down to the uterus and penetrates the uterus lining so as to settle in the uterus. This process is termed as the implantation i.e. the early stage of placenta which secretes the pregnancy hormone.

When a woman is pregnant, all precautionary activities should be done. These should be given enough implementation to all pregnant. If one is ill and she is pregnant, she must see to it that the medication is proper and should be monitored and supervised by the doctor.

Asthma is one of the most common illnesses that can be acquired through contact or even hereditary. Asthma is a disease characterized by difficulty in breathing and lack of oxygen. While an attack of asthma, you may cough, wheeze and strive for air. Such a condition is dangerous as the fetus completely depends on the mother for the supply of oxygen. If the mother herself is striving for air, then the fetus is certainly facing air hunger. You may or may not have history of asthma but still you may get an asthma attack during pregnancy.
Asthma attack may be life threatening for the expecting mother as well as her child. Hence, to treat asthma during pregnancy, it is advisable to take preventive measures to avoid it beforehand. It is not advisable to administer more medications during pregnancy.

Stuttering is a speech disorder in which the normal flow of speech is disrupted by frequent repetitions orprolongations of speech sounds, syllables or words or by an individual’s inability to start a word. The speech disruptions may be accompanied by rapid eye blinks, tremors of the lips and/or jaw or other struggle behaviors of the face or upper body that a person who stutters may use in an attempt to speak.

Certain situations, such as speaking before a group of people or talking on the telephone, tend to make stuttering more severe, whereas other situations, such as singing or speaking alone, often improve fluency. Stuttering may also be referred to as stammering, especially in England, and by a broader term, disfluent speech. Stuttering is different from two additional speech fluency disorders, cluttering, characterized by arapid, irregular speech and spasmodic dysphonia, a voice disorder.
It is estimated that over three million Americans stutter. Stuttering affects individuals of all ages but occurs most frequently in young children between the ages of 2 and 6 who are developing language. Boys are three times more likely to stutter than girls. Most children, however, outgrow their stuttering, and it is
estimated that less than 1 percent of adults stutter.